TYPES OF PHILES - LIST

NAME THE THINGS YOU LOVE - THE PHILE WORDS

Words play an important role in conveying feelings, ideas and thoughts of a person to a great extent. Some words express the attitude and likings of an individual and tell others more about him/her.

Every person has different type of interests that make them unique. The love a person has towards some objects, places, habits or a particular trait is explained in English language by the word “Phile”. There are different types of philes according to the varierty of interest a person have. So here we are listing out some of them and the one word used to call such persons – The Phile Words    

         TYPES OF PHILES

·       One who loves rain - Pluviophile
·       One who loves books - Bibiliophile
·       One who loves solitude - Autophile
·       One who loves moon - Selenophile
·       One who loves music - Melophile
·       One who loves sea - Thalassophile
·       One who loves words - Logophile
         One who loves tattoo - Stigmatophile
·       One who loves sunset - Opacarophile
·       One who loves to travel - Hodophile
·       One who loves wine - Oenophile
·       One who loves snow - Chionophile
·       One who loves to spend time by just lying on bed - Clinophile

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·       One who loves beard - Pogonophile
·       One who loves to drink coffee - Javaphile
·       One who loves flowers - Anthophile
·       One who loves stars - Astrophile
·       One who loves clouds - Nephophile
·       One who loves trees - Dendrophile
·       One who loves forest - Nemophile
·       One who loves sun - Heliophile
·       One who loves lakes - Limnophile
·       One who loves lightning and thunder - Ceraunophile
·       One who loves light – Photophile
·       One who loves cemetery – Coimetrophile
·       One who loves colour yellow - Xanthophile
·       One who loves technology - Technophile

·       One who loves night/darkness - Nyctophile
·       One who loves colour blue - Caeruleaphile
·       One who loves cinema -Cinephile
·       One who loves dogs - Cynophile
·       One who loves mountains – Orophile
·       One who loves cats - Ailurophile

·       One who loves artifacts from past - Retrophile

·       One who loves baked foods - Pistoriophile
·       One who loves to be in left / left – handed - Sinistrophile
·       One who loves language - Linguaphile
·       One who loves God – Theophile
·       One who loves climb buildings – Stegophile
·       One who loves to work – Ergophile
·       One who loves teddy bear - Arctophile
·       One who loves snakes – Ophiophoile

·       One who loves to nibble a woman’s earlobe – Cnynotikolobomassophile

·       One who loves pigeons – Peristesophile
·       One who loves icons/ illustrations – Iconophile
·       One who loves cheese - Turophile
·       One who loves new things – Neophile
·       One who loves eclipse - Umbraphile
·       One who loves horses - Hippophile
·       One who loves plants -Phytophile

·       One who loves foreign people / culture – Xenophile
·       One who loves animals – Zoophile
·       One who loves heat - Thermophile
·       One who loves sound - Audiophile
·       One who loves birds – Ornithophile
·       One who loves chocolate – Chocophile
·       One who loves knowledge - Sophophile

STORY OF AN ANONYMOUS GRAFFITI ARTIST - GUESSWHO

GUESSWHO - THE ANONYMOUS GRAFFITI ARTIST

Graffiti is a form of art involving painting text or images in public places without permission. It usually involves  a stylistic symbol or phrase spray-painted on a wall by an artist or a group of artist to express an idea. The word ‘Graffiti’ comes from the Italian word graffere, which means 'to scratch on a surface’. It may consider as an expressive art created to draw public attention, either to entertain or to convey a message.

As in Kerala, the number of graffiti artists is less, the graffiti that  suddenly appeared in Kochi in 2012 gain great attention. The paintings appeared with the tag Guesswho, were arkworks that had combined styles of  native and international successfully. The arkworks were termed as the reaction to Kochi-Muziris Biennale by the artist and expressed happiness as it had great reach when they were featured on the internet.

The  artist Guesswho wished to remain anonymous and was active since 2012 in Fort Kochi, Kerala, India. Guesswho's paste-ups and stencils have been sighted not only in Kochi but also in Trivandrum, Chennai, Bengaluru, Delhi, and  Bihar. The artist is being called as ‘Indian Banksy’ since 2012. The pictures are catching attention on the photo-sharing sites like Facebook, Instagram and Reddit even now.

Guesswho uses graffiti as a medium of expression to participate and comment on socio-political issues and also pose as a great piece of art that engage and entertain the audience. The stencils were experimental yet successful mash ups of Western and Indian cultures to radiate certain notions.  

The works were immediately got attention and Guesswho served his/her part in popularizing Graffiti in Indian art space. In an interview, Guess who mentioned that he/ she doesn't believe it is art's purpose to send any message. Graffiti is just an alternative way to use a visual language that can connect and communicate to public by using public spaces and subversive tactics as potent means of speaking about social realities.

As India doesn't have a strong culture of graffiti, most artists don’t  choose to depart from the hierarchies and definitions imposed by the traditional art institutions. Guesswho also mentions that it is an effort as a visual artist to start looking for new and meaningful ways to engage a wider audience and inspire more people to take up this as a powerful medium of free expression.

During 2019 elections, Guesswho had been posting his/her political satire art, on walls both real and Social media like Instagram and Facebook. One, a faceless politician with a corporate look and attitude  with caption ” Don’t forget to vote for your favourite corporate” and other  a black-and-white man with the face of a cow, folds his hands as  plead: #NotinMyName are appeared.

 “As an artist, these are my takes on certain social issues. They aren’t created to propagate any specific messages, but if they trigger conversations about anything, then the artist has done her/his part,” says Guess Who, in an email interview. “Not just artists, as social beings, as citizens, it is everyone’s responsibility to be aware of situations and respond to it.”

The artist still posts his lockdown art series through his/her social media accounts. The works point to real problems and social issues around and grabs the attention of the public.

BIOGRAPHY OF E. SREEDHARAN

E. SREEDHARAN - THE METRO MAN

E. Sreedharan is an Indian engineer known as the “Metro Man” for his pivotal role in building the Konkan Railway and Delhi metro. He was born in Palakkad district of Kerala on 12 June 1932. His family hailed from Karukaputhoor.He received his early education from Basel Evangelical Mission Higher Secondary School after which he went to the Victoria College in Palghat. He chose to study engineering and completed his Civil Engineering from the Government college, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh.

After completing his education he was appointed as a lecturer in Civil engineering at the Government Polytechnic, Kozhikode. He worked there only for a short while before joining the Bombay Port Trust as an apprentice. In 1953, he appeared for the Engineering Services Examination (ESE) conducted by the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) and cleared it. He joined the Indian Engineering Service (IES) and was posted as a Probationary Assistant Engineer in the Southern Railway in December 1954. He faced the first big challenge of his career in December 1964 when a cyclone damaged the Pamban Bridge in Tamil Nadu. The Railways allotted a period of six months for the repair works while Sreedharan’s boss wanted the work done within three. Sreedharan, who was made in-charge of the restoration, executed the work in just 46 days.

In 1970, Sreedharan was assigned the responsibility of implementing, planning and designing the Kolkata metro, the first ever metro in India. He was deputy chief engineer at that time. With his hard work and determination he led the successful completion of the job and set the pace for the further development in infrastructure engineering in India. He was associated with the project till 1975.In October 1979 he joined the Cochin Shipyard Limited, the largest shipbuilding and maintenance facility in India. But at the time of his joining, the agency was not performing well. However, under Sreedharan’s direction, the agency flourished and launched its first ship MV Rani Padmini in 1981.

He became the general manager, Western Railway in July 1987. A couple of year later he was elevated to the post of Member Engineering, Railway Board and ex-officio Secretary to the Government of India. He retired in June 1990 but the government informed him that his services would still be needed and thus he was appointed the CMD of Konkan Railway on contract. The Konkan Railway project, which had 93 tunnels with a total tunnel length of 82 km and involved tunneling through soft soil, was very different from the typical Indian railway projects. The total project covered 760 km and had over 150 bridges. Under his leadership, the work was completed in seven years.He was later made the managing director of Delhi Metro Rail Corporation ( DMRC). Again he proved to be an extraordinary leader and all the scheduled sections were completed within their respective budgets, and by their target time.

The phenomenal success of the Delhi Metro made him a national celebrity and the government honored him with many awards for his relentless hard work and dedication. He retired from service in December 2011.The Government of India honored him with the Padma Shri, the fourth highest civilian award in the Republic of India, in 2001.The Government of France bestowed upon him The Order of Légion d'Honneur, the highest decoration in France, in 2005.In 2008 he received the Padma Vibhushan, the second highest civilian award in the Republic of India, in recognition of his work with the Delhi Metro. He is married to Radha and regards his wife as a great pillar of support. The couple has four children, all of them are now well accomplished in their own chosen fields.

FATHERS AND FOUNDERS IN ENGLISH LITERATURE

FATHERS AND FOUNDERS IN ENGLISH LITERATURE

FATHERS 

Father of English Poetry - Chaucer

Father of English Prose - King Alfred

Father of English Novel - Henry Fielding

Father of English Essays - Francus Bacon

Father of English Drama - Christopher Marlowe

Father of English Criticism - John Dryden

Father of English Modern Prose - Francis Bacon

Father of Modern Linguistics - Bloomfield

Father of Modern Drama - Eugene O'neil

Father of Essays - Montaigne

Father of Historical Novels - Sir Walter Scott

Father of Gothic Novels - Horace Walpole

Father of Short Story - Edger Allen Poe

Father of Revenge Tragedy - Thomas Kyd

Father of American Transcendentalism - Emerson

FOUNDERS

Founder of Metaphysical Poetry - John Donne

Founder of Saitanik Poetry  - Lord Byron

Founder of Knight Poetry - Marlowe

Founder of Sonnet - Petrarch

Founder of T. G. Grammer - Noam Chomsky

Founder of Tough stone method - Matthew Arnold

Founder of Psycho Analysis - Sigmund Freud

Founder of Cockney Poetry - Hazlitt

Founder of Graveyard Poetry - Thomas Geay

Founder of Irish Theatre movement - W. B. Yeats

Women Characters of Mahabharata

 Women Characters of Mahabharata

Mahabharata, the grand epic of Indian mythology consists of great women characters that displayed valour, strength, willpower, persistence and determination. As a tale of generations, it portrayed various characters of different age, class, notion and purpose. The women characters  in Mahabharata can be considered as less mentioned or detailed in comparison to male characters. As a story focuses more on power, politics and war, the major highlight was given to male characters in Kuru dynasty. The exception to this was the characters like Draupadi, Kunti, Gandhari, Sathyavati, Amba (Shikhandi), Ambika and Ambalika.

These characters received much more attention than other women in Mahabharata. The women characters who got a consistent importance in the epic are Draupadi, Kunti and Gandhari. When Draupadi who married the main five characters showed her presence throughout the story, Kunti was depicted with a past story who seems to be the turning point of all action by attaining the boon from sage Durvasa. Gandhari who rise to action by giving birth to Kauravas is also have a role in the change of cause as her marriage to Dhritharastra is a major reason behind Shakuni's hatred towards Kuru kingdom.

Sathyavathi (the grandmother of Pandavas and Kauravas ), Shikandi (the vengeful Amba who became the reason for Bhishma), Ambika and Ambalika (mother of Dhritharashtra and Pandu respectively) play important roles in the epic. But the other women characters somehow lost their glow when Vyasa gave prominence to male characters, their back stories and description. Many women characters who stayed as the backbone to the male characters were diminished in the course of time and ignored from translations and retellings of the epic.

The great mothers who gave birth to warriors, the wives whose sacrifice made the foundation for their husband's praise, the daughters who even forget to mention more than once are still hidden somewhere in the great book. Mahabharata is not only a tale of men with valour but also of women with attitude. They pose immense excellence, grace with quality and determination with sacrifice. Here, in this article we are mentioning 30 women characters of Mahabharata who were forgot or given less importance. As each version of the tale have different style of narration, the names and description may vary in some stances. Still, let's go through the basic information about these great women. 

1) Devika
Wife of Yudhishthira. She was the daughter of Govasana (Sibi), the king of Sivi nation from Saivya tribe. She married Yudhishthira through swayamvara and had a son named Yaudheya. She was mentioned by Vyasa in Adi Parva of Mahabharata.

2) Nari
Wife of Yudhishthira. She was the daughter of Meru savarani. She was barely mentioned in Mahabharata.

3) Hidimba (Hidimbi)
Wife of Bhima. Her real name is Salkatankati. She was the sister of Raksha king Hidimbasura. Bhima married her after killing her brother on a Chaitra Shukla Dwitiya while the pandavas while on exile with their mother. They had a son named Ghatotkacha. Bhima left them in the forest when he returned to the palace with his brothers and mother. Hidimba never remarried. Bhima returned only in the time of Kurushetra war for asking the assistance of Ghatotkacha who grew up to the master in war and magic. Ghatotkacha was killed by Karna when Yudhishthira replaced him to protect Arjuna from vital weapon gifted to Karna by Indra.

4) Jalandhara (Valandhara)
Wife of Bhima. She was the daughter of Abhibhu, the king of Kashi. She had a son named Sarvaga (Suvarnavarma). She had a brother Prakant and a sister Bhanumati (wife of Duryodhana).

5) Ulupi
Wife of Arjuna. She was a Naga princess, the daughter of Naga king Koravya. She had a son named Iravan. 

6) Chitrangana
Wife of Arjuna. She was the daughter of  Chitravagana,the king of Manipur. She had a son named Babhuruvahana.

7) Subhadra
Wife of Arjuna. She was the sister of Krishna and Balarama. She was eighteen when she got married with Arjuna who was thirty six years old then. Abhimanyu was their son and he was killed in the Kurushetra war by being trapped in a Chakravyuha created by Kaurava force.

8) Karenumati
Wife of Nakula. She was the daughter of Sisupala, the king of Ched and the sister of Dhristaketu. She had a son named Niramitra.

9) Vijaya (Dyutimati)
Wife of Sahadeva. She was the daughter of Dyutmat (Salya), the king of Madra. Salya was the brother of Madri and the maternal uncle of Sahadeva and Nakula. She had three brothers named Rukamrutha, Vajra and Ajaya. Her son's name was Suhotra.

10) Bhanumati
Wife of Duryodhana. They had twins - Lakmana kumara (son) and Lakshmanaa (daughter). Lakshmanaa was married to Samba, the son of Krishna. Bhanumati  was mentioned as the daughter of king of Kashi in some sources, a daughter of Kalinga king Chitrangada in some and as the daughter of Bhagadatta, the king of Pragjyotishya in another sources. The proper explanation is still not clear as the details of Bhanumati is not explained well in Mahabharata.

11) Vrushali (Padmavati)
Wife of karna. She was the sister of Duryodhana's Charioteer Sathyasena. When Karna died, she jumped to his pyre and finished her life along with her husband.

12) Supriya
Wife of Karna. She was a friend of Bhanumati, wife of Duryodhana. Her son named Vrishaketu was the only son of Karna who survived Kurushetra war. Later he was patronaged by Arjuna.

13) Madri
Wife of Pandu.  She was the princess of Madra kingdom and sister of Shalya. She was the mother Nakula and Sahadeva. She committed Sati when Pandu died.

14) Revathi
Wife of Balarama. She was the daughter of Kakudmi, the king of Kusasthali. They had two sons and a daughter named Nisatha, Ulmuka and Sasirekha respectively. Sasirekha was married to Abhimanyu, the son of Arjuna.

15) Dussala
Daughter of Dhritharastra. She was the only sister of Duryodhana and other kauravas. She was married to Jayadratha, the king of Sindhu.  They had a son named Suratha. 

16) Arshi
Wife of Shakuni. They had two sons, Uluka and Vrikaasur.

17) Parishrami
Mother of Vidura (halfbrother of Dhritharastra and Pandu). She was a maid of Ambika and Ambalika. When Vyasa came to bless Ambika and Ambalika with children, they were horrified by the appearance of the sage. Ambika closed her eyes at first sight, so she got the blind child Dhritharastra. Ambalika's face went pale and she got child with pale face, Pandu. But the maid Parishrami who served him well was blessed by Vyasa with a child of wisdom that is Vidura.

18) Sugada (Sauvali/Saubali/Visakha)
Gandhari's maid. She had a son named Yuyutsu from Dhritharastra. He was the only Kaurava who survived the Kurushetra war. He was a messenger of Pandavas and sided them from the beginning of the war. (Kauravas - total 102 - 100 sons of Gandhari, Yuyutsu and Dussala).

19) Sulabha
Wife of Vidura, the halfbrother of Dhritharastra and Pandu. She was the daughter of King Devaka, born in a Shudra woman.

20) Suthanu
Daughter of Yudhishthira and Draupadi. She was married to Krishna and Sathyabhama's son Bhanu. She was the only living heir of Draupadi that survived the war. Suthanu had a son named Vajra.

21) Lakshmanaa
Daughter of Duryodhana and Bhanumati. She had a twin brother named Lakshmana kumara. She was married to Krishna and Jambavathi's son Samba. Samba abducted Lakshmanaa in between of her swayamvara. Later they were caught and Balarama persuaded everyone and attained the consent for their marriage.

22) Charumati
Daughter of Krishna and Rukmini. She was married to Bali, son of Kritavarma ( a Yadava warrior and relative of Krishna).

23) Kripi
Wife of Dronacharya and mother of Aswadhamav. She was the daughter of Saradhan and Janapadi (an apsara). She was also the sister of Kripacharya.

24) Uttara
Wife of Abhimanyu. She was the daughter of Virata, the king of Virata. She had two brothers named Uttar and Sweta. She was the mother of Parikshit who later became the king of Kuru kingdom.

25) Ahilawathi
Wife of Ghatotkacha, the son of Bhima and Hidumbhi. She was the daughter of the snake king, Bashak (the snake around the neck of Shiva.) She had a son named Barbarika.

26) Madramati
Wife of Parikshit. Daughter - in - law of Abhimanyu and Uttara. They had four sons named Janamejaya, Bhimasena, Srutasena and Ugrasena.

27) Manimala
Wife of Janamejaya, son of Parikshit. She was the daughter of Thakshak, the snake king.

28) Bhadra
Wife of Yuyutsu, son of Dhritharastra from a maid, Sugada.

29) Yogmaya
A goddess who helps Vishnu in creating and expanding his maya. She warned Kamsa about his death and born as Yasoda's daughter who was replaced by Vasudeva instead of Krishna. When Kamsa tried to kill tge child, she flied into the sky and transformed inti a goddess with eight hands (Ashtabhuja Swaroop). Later she was born as Subhadra (sister of Krishna and Balarama).

30) Dewi Anggraini

Wife of Ekalavya, the son of Devashrava (brother of Vasudeva). As per Indonesian folklore, Krishna killed Ekalavya, when he helped Jarasandha and Sisupala in the search of Rukmini who eloped with Krishna. After the death of Ekalavya, Arjuna tries to tempt Dewi Anggraini. But she remains faithful and chaste till the end of her life. Ekalavya and Dewi had several sons. 


Hope you enjoy the article, Thank you.

ESSENTIAL PHOTOGRAPHY EQUIPMENTS

LIST OF ESSENTIAL PHOTOGRAPHY EQUIPMENTS

Camera - The core of photography is a camera. Selection of good camera is very crucial in the production of good photographs.

Lenses - Whereas a camera sensor will record the light that it receives, a lens’s job is arguably even more important: help the light get to the sensor in the first place.

Tripod - With a tripod it becomes possible to utilize long exposures and low ISOs. This is achieved without the risk of motion blur. It is also used in conjunction with a remote shutter release. You could even use a camera without any sort of direct contact. Additionally, a tripod allows you to neatly bracket shots, opening up doors for HDR experimentation.

Lighting - The most helpful tool a photographer can have on hand is light to spare. For most image makers, a speed-lite is the easiest and most convenient way to illuminate a scene quickly and efficiently. Also, synced directly to a camera’s shutter, it offers a powerful burst light for fractions of a second. 

Filters - Filters are another essential element of a photographer’s toolbox. Placed in front of the lenses front element, it plays a crucial role in keeping composition elements properly exposed. With the ability to absorb polarized reflected light, the addition of this filter instantaneously brings out details and colors that might otherwise be lost without making adjustments to camera settings.

Microphone - Don’t rely on the on-camera mic; the sound won’t be broadcast quality. Get a good, rugged handheld microphone, for interviews or to capture ambient sound.

Memory cards - Keep in mind, without a memory card, digital photographs won’t have anywhere to go and cannot be recorded. Therefore, a decent set of memory cards is a necessity.

Camera bag - Certainly, you’ll need something to store all of your gear in. So, depending on what your needs happen to be, there are an array of options available. Obviously, weight is important, and a huge case isn’t always practical. So, for those packing lighter, there are a plethora of backpacks designed to carry all of a photographers essentials.